Apostasy redux
I’m a bit grumpy this evening, as someone in the Cabal of Anti-Baha’i Internet Activists forgot to send me their minutes of the last meeting about their intention to write miffed replies (1) to the editors of Religion regarding Mojo’s diatribe against us. Not being in on the latest Evil Plan, I just blogged a few bemused remarks instead (here, here and here).
And my academic feathers are ruffled. Apparently only one of the apostates is directly employed in academia (presumably, he means Juan). Now, let me set my Apostate Academic Credentials straight. I may only be in the middle of my doctoral work, but I am also employed by my University as a researcher (last year I even took leave from my doctorate and was employed on a full-time contract thank you very much). I worked hard to get my office and business card with University logo.
Apparently Bill has now been de-listed as an apostate, so we’ll unenroll him from the Cabal list accordingly.
The Moojster writes (my comments are in square brackets):
Finally, I must thank the editors of Religion for publishing what I assume readers will have noted are four further documents of evidence that support several of the main points that I make in my article in describing this episode of apostasy in relation to the Baha’i community:
* that this is a highly articulate group of people whose efforts have been directed at making their views known through the Internet and through academic media (see all four responses); [well that’s coz we r smart beobles with broadband]
* that one of their strategies has been to try to turn the status of the Baha’i Faith from that of an ‘allegiant organisation’ to that of a ‘subversive’ one, or a ‘cult’, mainly by representing the Baha’i institutions as repressive and authoritarian (see comments of MacEoin and Glaysher); [this conflates Baha’i administrative bodies with the Baha’i religion itself. I happen to think the Catholic administrative hierarchy is repressive and authoritarian but that doesn’t mean I think Christianity is a cult.
The problem is that the Baha’i institutions are just as crappy as pretty much every other religious organisation on the planet, but they like to think they’re special, well clearly they’re not. I’m an equal opportunity religious pluralist - pretty much ALL organised religious hierarchies are repressive and authoritarian, but ALL the great religious traditions of the world have much to offer and are valuable additions to the religious landscape of humanity.
As M. Scott Peck says - God doesn’t work in organisations, He works in individuals.]
* that while Bromley’s definition of an apostate calls for the person to have joined an oppositional coalition, these apostates have effectively formed their own oppositional coalition through the medium of the Internet and the creation of e-mail groups (see the useful statistics provided by McGlinn on these); [jokes about a Cabal notwithstanding, we apostates are merely victims of the historical accident of the invention of the Internet. Because the Baha’is are relatively few in number compared to the population using the Internet, news spreads like wildfire (no pun intended) throughout the online Baha’i community. That news of Mooj’s article went viral is not proof of an organised Cabal.]
* that there are set issues (summarized in my article, pp. 202–203), to which the apostates continually revert (and some of which MacEoin here repeats); [well… hmmm.. maybe that’s coz the Baha’is aren’t addressing those issues that are making us all so anally rententive. Just because your mother is really annoying when she nags you to clean up your room, doesn’t mean you shouldn’t do it.]
* and that the experience of the apostates is the exact opposite a dark mirror of that of the core members (see MacEoin’s comments, especially on academic Baha’i studies). [Well, this is one to which I just take plain old exception. Although, maybe if BIGS are so compliant they don’t ever stand up against injustice it does mean they won’t experience the Dark Side of the Force.
On a more serious note, Farid Esack (a Muslim scholar who incidently has published with Oneworld, a Baha’i publishing house) once gave a talk where he mentioned that if we look at all the great religious founders and saints, they invariably were positioned with the marginalised. It was the mainstream religious establishment (whether the Pharisees in Prophet Jesus’ time or the mullahs in Baha’u'llah’s) that has historically neglected truth and justice. What each person of faith, whether Christian, Muslim or even Baha’i, has to ask themselves is: ‘am I brave enough to stand with the marginalised, or is a life of comfortable social and religious conformity all I want to bring to my Lord?’]
[Update: I can now happily report that Dervish comes up #1 if you google “baha’i apostasy”. Any publicity is good publicity right? Better than Salafi prawns.]
(1) Stausberg, M., (ed.), “Challenging apostasy: Responses to Moojan Momen’s ‘Marginality and Apostasy in the Baha’i Community’,” Religion (2008), doi:10.1016/j.religion.2008.03.009. Accessed 18 June 2008
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WWN-4SPSHBT-1/1/b9eeb15fa339e05cbb5b8d52d88c45a9)
Tags: Alison Marshall, apostasy, Denis MacEoin, Glaysher, Moojan Momen, Sen McGlinn, Stetson
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June 18th, 2008 at 11:24 pm
I remember when Susan Faludi’s book “Backlash” came out. Quite a few people criticised it and …WHAM! They were deemed to be part of the backlash.
Moojan is employing much same strategu. I’m already watching my articulateness.
I’m inclined to say to Moojan, “You win, we’re all apostates and marginals in an oppositional coalition.”
Let Moojan show the world that the Baha’i Faith is a cult — but not quite as bad as the manipulative apostates paint it. All Moojan gains by our capituation is to see Baha’i being put into the same category as Scientology, Heaven’s Gate, Branch Davidians, Peoples’ Temple, The Family and Solar Temple.
None of which, arguably, are as bad as their fiercest opponents paint them. But nor are they very good, either. Would you really want to meet any of their followers at your next interfaith get-together? Thought not.
June 19th, 2008 at 12:37 am
It did strike me that by when you google “Baha’i apostate” (as people interested in the situation of Baha’is in Iran might well do) you don’t really want your dirty internal political laundry aired do you? As an organisation pumping money into media awareness and keen for positive publicity I mean.
If I were Mooj, I would have picked a different word than apostate given its loaded meaning. Perhaps we could be “Baha’i disaffectants” but then that makes us sound like we belong in the bleach aisle of the supermarket.
June 20th, 2008 at 12:24 am
Aside from the specialised sociological meaning that Bromley assigns to it, the word has a Baha’i connotation that seems to have been overlooked by most since the death of Shoghi Effendi. Dan Jensen has resurrected it, along with Moojan Momen.
Moojan’s definition of covenant breaking seems to be “…willful opposition to the authorized center of the Bahá’í Faith, despite a conscious knowledge and understanding of the spiritual station of that center.”
He goes on to say:
“This definition explains, for example, the position of Mírzá Yahyá Azal (q.v.), who was never a follower of Bahá’u'lláh, but who is stated to be a Covenant-breaker. Similarly, some apostates who have attacked the Bahá’í Faith are referred to in terms that resemble those used to refer to Covenant-breakers.”
The Covenant and Covenant-breaker
In this, he differs from some mainstream Baha’is. Wiki Baha’i pages are a pretty good indicator of mainstream Baha’i thought. Check this out:
“Followers of Subh-i-Azal, Bahá’u'lláh’s half-brother, who are known in modern times as Bayanis are often mistakenly referred to by this label. The appellation seems, however, misapplied. Since Covenant-breaking presumes that one has submitted oneself to a covenant and then broke it, and Bayanis never swore allegiance to Bahá’u'lláh, they cannot therefore be said to have broken his covenant.”
Covenant Breaker - excluded categories of people
But that’s something of a side-issue. Back to the apostates. Moojan, somewhat surprisingly to me, lists them as a category of covenant breaker, and this is what he has to say about them:
“Apostates. Although most individuals who leave the Bahá’í community because of loss of belief are not considered any differently from those who have never been Bahá’ís, there have been a small number of persons who left the community and then began to attack it maliciously and vehemently and whom Shoghi Effendi referred to in terms identical to those he used of the Covenant-breakers.”
The Covenant and Covenant-breaker
Does Moojan have a point? Well, perhaps. Here’s what Shoghi Efendi has to say:
The key sentence is - “We should welcome, therefore, not only the open attacks which its avowed enemies persistently launch against it, but should also view as a blessing in disguise every storm of mischief with which they who apostatize their faith or claim to be its faithful exponents assail it from time to time.”
Here’s the context for that sentence:
“Viewed in the light of past experience, the inevitable result of such futile attempts, however persistent and malicious they may be, is to contribute to a wider and deeper recognition by believers and unbelievers alike of the distinguishing features of the Faith proclaimed by Bahá’u'lláh. These challenging criticisms, whether or not dictated by malice, cannot but serve to galvanize the souls of its ardent supporters, and to consolidate the ranks of its faithful promoters. They will purge the Faith from those pernicious elements whose continued association with the believers tends to discredit the fair name of the Cause, and to tarnish the purity of its spirit. We should welcome, therefore, not only the open attacks which its avowed enemies persistently launch against it, but should also view as a blessing in disguise every storm of mischief with which they who apostatize their faith or claim to be its faithful exponents assail it from time to time. Instead of undermining the Faith, such assaults, both from within and from without, reinforce its foundations, and excite the intensity of its flame. Designed to becloud its radiance, they proclaim to all the world the exalted character of its precepts, the completeness of its unity, the uniqueness of its position, and the pervasiveness of its influence.”
Shoghi Effendi, World Order of Baha’u'llah, Baha’i Publishing Trust, Wilmette (1955), p. 15-16.
I’m happy for my theory to be shown to be wrong. Uh, what is my theory? Well, it’s that Moojan thinks the folks he’s identified as Baha’i apostates are, to all intents and purposes, CBs. Although I’m sure he’s not going to be caught saying this.
–
Hey, I’m sorry you didn’t get the minutes that were handed out at our team-building exercise. I understand that you felt the team uniform was a little un-Islamic, and decided not to take part.
June 20th, 2008 at 7:08 pm
Yeah - the original Islamic word (in Arabic) is murtad. Which, rather ironically, is exactly what the mullatocracy in Iran accuse the Baha’is of being.
BTW I LOVE the pic, hehehehe.
August 19th, 2008 at 11:27 pm
Hi U,
I googled “Challenging Apotasy” and this came at the top.
re: “see the useful statistics provided by McGlinn on these” in Momen’s response. This is hilarious. How can any academic mis-read McGlinn’s statistics, which show clearly that memberships on lists involved those working at the Bahai World Centre (hence ‘core’ members) to indicate proof that internet lists were for “oppositional coalition”
He’s really scratching the barrow on this.
I would hope that Momen would regret writing this article because if anything it just makes his approach ‘as a core Bahai’ I guess, lose credibility, even possibly with the current editor of Religion, see his comments under the header “Language Games” (http://www.scribd.com/doc/3550026/Responses-to-Apostacy) where in particular he notes, astutely I think, that each of the 4 responses to Momen’s article employ varying approaches as evidence that there is no ‘group’ of apostates as claimed by Momen.
August 21st, 2008 at 12:39 pm
G’day Huianui,
At least I’m number one for something hehe.
Oppositional coalition *snort*. I think the period of time that Momen is considering, is really just pure historical accident. It just so happened that these were the early years when more and more ‘average’ people (not nerdy and geeky early adopters) were getting online.
And for the first time, disaffected and disgruntled Baha’is — who up until that point had little knowledge of the Baha’i world outside Haifa and their own local communities (unless they were very well and widely travelled) — realised that there were other people who were like them. That they weren’t “the only gay in the village.”
This was partly because the Baha’i community is relatively small, and had not developed much in the way of a diversity of traditional media (Dialogue and maybe ABS journals being exceptions) and because of the strong boundaries of orthodoxy contained within the media produced by the Baha’i administration.
All of a sudden the internet comes along, and although the analogy is a bit extreme - it was like the Berlin wall falling down. Individual Baha’is could read/write with other individual Baha’is all over the world. Suddenly there are gays in villages popping up all over the place.
I don’t think Baha’i administration was ready for this, nor did they really understand the diversity of opinion that existed/exists in the Baha’i populace despite their maintenaince of orthodoxy boundaries. My parents are a good example, just the other day I was talking to them about what it means to be ‘religious’. Both of them expressed the point of view that they don’t believe women should be excluded from the Universal House of Justice. My mother even said that had she known that before she became a Baha’i, she may well not have become one. She just couldn’t marry Baha’u'llah’s emphasis on the equality of the sexes, with an unexplained and archaic patriarchal injunction that seems better left in the nineteenth century. My father didn’t feel it was obligatory or necessary to attend Feasts unless he wanted to go for more knowledge. Now, my parents are average Baha’is (although they don’t attend much at all, they’ve been inactive since the 1990s) but they are certainly not involved in the online Baha’i world, they don’t know about other ‘dissidents’ out there. (I should point out that I had NO idea my parents felt this way about the issue of women on the House, until the last year or so - so it’s not like they’ve “primed” me to be a dissadent or apostate. In fact I thought they were as orthodox, but inactive, as they come. They certainly don’t feel great about my leaving to become a Muslim.
At anyrate, had they been younger, and internet-savvy, the likes of them might have got on the internet and discovered the other gays in the other villages, but as it is they just remain isolated, inactive believers. One day… the Baha’i admin. will wake up to realise that like the Catholic hierarchy, there is a great deal more diversity out there than they realised.